The Makalu Base Camp Trek is an adventurous journey into Nepal’s most remote regions.The Makalu Base Camp trek offers an exciting journey through remote landscapes, breathtaking mountain vistas, and rich cultural experiences. It is the least-explored trail in Nepal. It is perfect for adventurers seeking solitude and unspoiled natural beauty. The trek is known for its untouched landscapes including river gorges, sheer cliffs, spectacular waterfalls, high-altitude lakes, and alpine meadows. The remote Barun Valley is home to diverse wildlife and flora, including rare animals like red panda, Himalayan black bear, and snow leopard.
Everything you need to know about the Makalu Base Camp trek
The Makalu Base Camp Trek is a thrilling journey in the Himalayas of Nepal. It takes you through the remote trails around Mt. Makalu, the fifth-highest mountain in the world. The base camp is situated in the Makalu Barun National Park, within the Mahalangur Himalayas. It is approximately 19km southwest of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet.
Why it’s unique and off-the-beaten-path trek
The Makalu Base Camp trek is a hidden gem in the Himalayas. It offers a less-traveled path compared to popular treks like Everest base camp and Annapurna base camp. The trek takes you through diverse ecosystems, from humid lowlands to high-altitude terrain. Trekkers can have stunning views of the surrounding peaks, including Everest, Lhotse, Kanchenjunga, and Chamlang. It also provides a chance to experience the rich cultural heritage of the Rai and Sherpa Communities.
The trek is known for its untouched landscapes including river gorges, sheer cliffs, spectacular waterfalls, high-altitude lakes, and alpine meadows. The remote Barun Valley is home to diverse wildlife and flora, including rare animals like red panda, Himalayan black bear, and snow leopard. The trail is challenging and less crowded. It is an ideal choice for experienced trekkers seeking adventure and solitude.
This trek is suitable for trekkers with good physical fitness and a love for nature and adventure. It is perfect for those looking to explore the remote and unspoiled regions of Nepal. The trek requires a high level of endurance and preparation due to its strenuous nature and high altitudes.
Highlights of the Makalu Base Camp Trek
Diverse Landscapes:
The Makalu base camp trek is renowned for its incredible diversity in landscapes. The trek offers lush green rhododendron forests, terraced farms of the Arun Valley, and the barren, rocky terrains near the base camp. Along the way, you will cross glacial rivers, navigate dense jungles, and traverse high alpine meadows with the backdrop of towering peaks.
Breathtaking Mountain views:
The trek rewards you with panoramic views of some of the world’s highest mountains. Makalu stands tall at an altitude of 8,485m, and the sight of its sheer faces and ridges is awe-inspiring. On clear days, you can also see Everest, Lhotse, Chamlang, and Kanchenjunga. These vistas are stunning from higher vantage points like the Shipton La pass and the Makalu base camp.
Remote and Untouched Wilderness:
One of the main attractions of the Makalu Base Camp trek is its remoteness. Unlike the more popular Everest or Annapurna treks, Makalu offers a sense of solitude and unspoiled nature. The trail passes through the Makalu Barun National Park, which is home to diverse flora and fauna. The Barun Valley is a pristine area with numerous waterfalls, deep gorges, and granite cliffs.
Cultural Encounters:
Along the trek, you will have the opportunity to immerse yourself in the local culture of the Rai and Sherpa communities. Traditional villages like Num, Seduwa, and Tashigaon offer a glimpse into the daily lives, customs, and hospitality of these indigenous people. You will likely stay in teahouses run by local families where you can taste Nepali meals. You can participate in local festivals or ceremonies and experience the lifestyle of these Himalayan people.
Challenging and rewarding trekking:
The Makalu Base Camp trek is considered one of the more challenging treks in Nepal. The trail has steep ascents and descents, high altitudes, and rugged trails. This trek demands a good level of physical as well as mental fitness and endurance. However, the rewards are immense, which includes unparalleled natural beauty and a sense of accomplishment.
Serenity and Solitude:
Being an off-the-beaten-path trek, it provides a rare sense of peace and solitude. You won’t encounter the crowds like the other popular trekking routes. Thus, it allows a more personal and reflective experience. The tranquility of the mountains and the sound of nature are companions on this journey.
Base Camp Experience:
Reaching Makalu Base Camp at 4,870m is a thrilling achievement. The base camp is surrounded by towering peaks and glaciers, providing a dramatic and humbling environment. It is a place to rest, reflect, and sock in the majesty of the Himalayas. For many trekkers, standing at the foot of the world’s fifth-highest mountain is a dream come true.
Scenic Passes and High altitude Lakes:
The trek includes crossing the Shipton La and Keke La passes. These passes offer stunning views and challenging terrain. Additionally, you will encounter beautiful high-altitude lakes like the sacred Barun Pokhari. The lake adds scenic and spiritual appeal to the trek.
Trek Itinerary
The Makalu Base Camp Trek is an adventurous journey into Nepal’s most remote regions. The itinerary can be customized according to your needs and preferences. It can be shortened or extended based on your time factor. Consult with our advisor at Nepal Trekking Routes for further information. Here is a detailed breakdown of the 23-day itinerary:
- Arrival in Kathmandu: You will arrive at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu. Then, you will transfer to your hotel and rest after your flight.
- Guided Tour around Kathmandu and Trek Preparation: A tour guide takes you around the UNESCO World Heritage sites in Kathmandu. You will visit Swoyambhunath Stupa, Pashupatinath Temple, and Patan Durbar Square. In the evening, you will attend a trek briefing and check your gear and essentials.
- Flight to Tumlingtar and Drive to Num: You will take a morning flight from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar which takes approximately 45 minutes. Then, you will drive through scenic hills and villages to reach Chichila. After walking for about 5 hours you will reach Num for an overnight stay.
- Trek to Seduwa: You will start trekking from Num with a steep descent to Arun River, then cross the suspension bridge. You will gradually ascend to Seduwa, entering Makalu Barun National Park. Your permits will be checked at the park office. After walking for about 5-6 hours you will reach Seduwa and stay at a teahouse.
- Seduwa to Tashigaon: You will continue your trek passing through lush villages and terraced fields. You will walk for 4-5 hours to reach Tashigaun.Tashigaon is the last permanent Sherpa settlement on the trail. It is a beautiful village that offers panoramic vista of the Himalayas.
- Tashigaun to Khongma Danda: You will climb the steep ascent through the dense forests of rhododendron and pine. There are no villages on this route. Finally, you will arrive at Khongma Danda after walking for 5-6 hours. Khongma Danda is a ridge with stunning views. The sunset view from the ridge is unparalleled.
- Khongma Danda to Mumbuk: The trek moves along the dense woodlands offering breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks. You will pass through two beautiful lakes, Thulo Pokhari and Sano Pokhari. You will go across Keke La Pass and Tutu La Pass or Shipton La Pass. The views from these passes are incredible. You might encounter some Himalayan birds and animals. After walking for about 6 hours, you will reach Mumbuk for an overnight stay.
- Mumbuk to Nehe Kharka: You will continue your trek along the Barun Khola then through some meadows. On the way, you will see herds of Yaks and sheep grazing these grassy lands. After walking for 6 hours, you will reach Nehe Kharka and rest at a teahouse.
- Nehe Kharka to Sherson: From Nehe Kharka, you will move along the large prayer wall reflecting the Buddhist culture in the region. As you go higher, the density of forests decreases. You will pass through Makalu Lower Base Camp which offers stunning views of the Barun Glacier and Mt. Makalu. After 7 hours of walk, you will reach Sherson.
- Sherson to Makalu Base Camp: The trail goes through the Barun Khola Banks and a few small passes. As you reach Makalu Base Camp, you will observe the spectacular view of Arun Valley, dense forests, and snow-capped peaks. You can set up a tent or stay at the shepherd's house as there are no lodges.
- Acclimatization Day around Makalu Base Camp: You should wake up early to view the sunrise. You will see the snowy peaks of the mighty Makalu, Mount Everest, and neighboring peaks. Later in the day, you can take short trips around Makalu Base Camp for better acclimatization. You can observe the surrounding beauty such as glaciers, small ponds, and waterfalls.
- Return from Makalu Base Camp to Nehe Kharka: You will descend towards Nehe Kharka retracing your steps. You will walk for 6-7 hours and reach Nehe Kharka for overnight rest.
- Nehe Kharka to Mumbuk: You will continue your journey back to Mumbuk by enjoying the familiar surroundings and Himalayas. After 5-6 hours of walking, you will reach Mumbuk for an overnight stay.
- Mumbuk to Khongma Gaun: From Mumbuk, you will ascend and cross the three passes (Shipton La, Keke La and Tutu La) again. After 6-7 hours of walking, you will reach Khongma Gaun. You will stay at a teahouse for the night.
- Khongma Gaun to Tashi Gaun: You will take a steep descent through lush forests to Tashi Gaun. You will walk for 4-5 hours and reach Tashi Gaun. You can rest and enjoy the hospitality of the Sherpa Community.
- Tashi Gaun to Balung: You will walk past the river valley moving along the Arun river banks. You will pass through the villages with cultivated farmlands. You will reach the Balung village after walking for about hours. You will meet friendly villagers and enjoy their hospitality.
- Balung to Pukuwa: You will continue through the river banks and cross a few suspension bridges. You will enjoy the wilderness and stunning landscapes while walking along the Arun river banks. After walking for 5 hours, you will reach Pukuwa and stay at a teahouse.
- Pukuwa to Bumling: You will continue your trek through dense forests and cliffs. You will pass through quaint villages in the Arun Valley as you walk along the river banks. After walking for 5 hours, you will reach a Kshetri village, Bumling.
- Bumling to Tumlingtar: You will trek along the rugged trail going uphill and downhill through the dense forests. This is the last leg and when you reach Tumlingtar you can celebrate the completion of this challenging journey.
- Flight back to Kathmandu: You will catch a flight back to Kathmandu and check into your hotel.
- Final Departure: Finally, you will bid farewell to Nepal with unforgettable memories.
Best Time to Trek
The Makalu Base Camp trek is a high-altitude journey best enjoyed during the most favorable seasons: Spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November). These periods offer ideal weather conditions, stunning scenery, and a safer trekking experience.
- Spring (March-May): Spring is one of the popular times for trekking in Nepal. The weather is stable, with daytime temperatures ranging from 10°C to 15°C at lower altitudes and colder temperatures as you ascend. The trail comes alive with vibrant rhododendron blooms and lush greenery. The skies are clear in the mornings, offering panoramic views of the Himalayas.
- Autumn (September-November): Autumn is considered the prime trekking season. It offers crisp air, clear skies, and stunning mountain vistas. The monsoon rain would have cleared the dust and pollution, making the trails clean and pristine. Daytime temperatures are moderate, ranging between 10°C to 20°C at lower altitudes. Nights are colder, especially at higher altitudes, so proper gear is essential. This season coincides with Nepal’s major festivals, Dashain and Tihar. You can observe the festivities and celebrations adding a cultural dimension to your journey.
- Winter (December-February): Winter is a less popular season for trekking in Nepal. While trekking is possible, temperatures can drop below -20°C at higher altitudes. The heavy snowfall can make the trail challenging. Proper gear and warm clothing are necessary.
- Monsoon (June-August): Monsoon brings frequent rain. The trail is slippery and landslides and leeches are common. However, this season offers lush greenery and fewer trekkers for those seeking solitude. Check the weather updates and be flexible for delays.
Permits and Regulations
These permits ensure the protection of the park’s biodiversity and provide safety information for trekkers. You can obtain these permits in Kathmandu or through a trekking agency. As the trail passes through remote and less-traveled areas, trekking with a licensed guide is highly recommended. Ensure proper documentation before starting the trek to avoid any disruptions or penalties along the journey.
- Makalu Barun National Park Entry Permit
- TIMS (Trekkers’ Information Management System)
Difficulty Level and Fitness Requirements
The Makalu Base Camp Trek is considered a challenging trek due to its remote location, rugged trails, and high altitudes. Here are the factors affecting the difficulty of this trek:
- Long Duration: The trek takes 20-23 days, requiring both physical endurance and mental resilience.
- High Altitude: The trek reaches an altitude above 5,000m at Makalu Base Camp. Proper acclimatization is essential to avoid altitude sickness. You should have acclimatization days in your itinerary. They are vital to adapt to high altitudes and avoid AMS (Acute Mountain Sickness)
- Steep Ascents and Descents: There are steep climbs near Khongma Danda and over high passes like Shipton La and Keke La.
- Remote Trails: The trek passes through isolated regions with limited infrastructure, increasing the need for self-sufficiency and preparation.
- Experience Level: It is ideal for trekkers with prior high-altitude trekking experience.
Fitness Requirements:
Good cardiovascular fitness is required for sustained trekking for several days. You should have strong leg muscles for steep ascents and descents. You should build stamina for long trekking days.
To prepare, you should train 2-3 months in advance with hiking, cardio, and strength exercises. You should practice with a loaded backpack to build endurance.
Culture and People
The Makalu Base Camp trek offers cultural immersion through the hospitality, traditions, and cultural practices of the local ethnic community.
- Rai and Sherpa Communities:The Makalu region is home to the Rai and Sherpa ethnic groups. Rai people are known for their rich heritage, unique lifestyle, and agricultural lifestyle. Sherpas are often regarded as mountain guides. They have deep-rooted Buddhist traditions and exceptional mountaineering skills.
Cultural Practices
You will witness Mani walls, prayer flags, and monasteries symbolizing Tibetan Buddhist influence. Local festivals like Dumji and Mani Rimdu are celebrated with rituals, dances, and prayers.
Warm Hospitality:
Locals are incredibly welcoming despite the remoteness. They share their humble lifestyles with trekkers. Home-cooked meals and simple accommodations offer insight into their daily lives.
Traditional Attire and Crafts:
Villagers often wear traditional attire made of wool and cotton. Handmade goods, such as woven baskets and yak wool items are common.
Language and Communication:
Most locals speak Nepali, but Rai and Sherpa dialects are also prevalent. Guides and porters often act as translators to bridge communication gaps.
Respecting Local Customs:
You should greet locals with “Namaste” or “Tashi Delek”. You should show respect at monasteries by walking clockwise around prayer wheels and Mani walls.
Accommodation and Food
Accommodation:
Teahouses:
Basic teahouses are available in lower-altitude villages like Tashigaon and Num. There are limited facilities like shared rooms with simple beds and blankets. Teahouses become sparse as you approach higher altitudes.
Camping:
Camping is necessary in remote areas, such as near Malalu Base Camp, where teahouses are not available. Trekkers need to carry their own tents, cooking supplies, and food for these sections. Guided trekking agencies like Nepal Trekking Routes usually organize camping setups, including cook and support staff.
Food:
- Menu Options in Teahouses: Local dishes like dal bhat provide energy for trekking on long days. Simple meals like noodles, soups, fried rice, and potatoes are commonly available. Western food options are rare and limited in variety.
- During Camping: Meals are prepared by camp cooks, including basic but nutritious dishes. Instant foods and pre-packaged snacks can be carried for convenience.
Tips for food and drinking water:
- Carry high-energy snacks like chocolates, energy bars, nuts, etc for trekking days.
- Bring water purification tablets or filters, as bottled water may not be available at higher altitudes.
- Expect the food to be simple but adequate to sustain energy levels.
Packing Essentials:
- Packing wisely is crucial for a successful trek when trekking in Nepal’s remote regions like Makalu.
Clothing and Footwear:
- Layered clothes including thermal layer, fleece jacket, and outer down jacket
- Trekking pants
- Hat and gloves
- Socks
- Trekking Boots
- Camp shoes
Trekking Gear:
- Trekking poles
- Backpack
- Headlamp
Accessories:
- Waterbottle with purification tablets
- First aid kit
- Toiletries
- Sunglasses
- Snacks
For Camping:
- Lightweight tents
- Portable cooking equipment
Cost of the Trek
The cost of the Makalu Base Camp Trek varies depending on the services you choose. Trekking in Nepal is generally affordable, but remote treks like this tend to be slightly costlier due to limited access and logistics. Here is a detailed breakdown:
- Transportation Cost: $200-$250 (one-way)
- Permits: Makalu Barun National Park Entry ($30) and TIMS ($20)
- Guide and Porter Fees: $25-$30/day for guides and $20-$25/day for porters
- Accommodation and Food: Teahouses $5-$10/night and meals $20-$30/day
- Total Cost: $1,800 to $2,500 per person depending on the duration and services.
Hiring a Nepal trekking agency like Nepal Trekking Routes simplifies logistics and ensures a hassle-free experience.
Challenges of the Makalu Base Camp Trek
- Trekking in Nepal’s remote regions like Makalu Base Camp comes with unique challenges.
- The rugged and less traveled trails demand physical endurance and mental resilience.
- High-altitude passes, such as Shipton La and Keke La, require proper acclimatization to avoid altitude sickness.
- Unpredictable weather, from sudden snowfall to rain, can disrupt plans.
- Limited infrastructure, including teahouses and supplies, means trekkers must be prepared for basic accommodations and carry essentials.
- The isolated and remote nature of the trails requires experienced guides and porters.
Conclusion
The Makalu Base Camp trek offers an exciting journey through remote landscapes, breathtaking mountain vistas, and rich cultural experiences. It is the least-explored trail in Nepal. It is perfect for adventurers seeking solitude and unspoiled natural beauty.
Trekking in Nepal with a reliable trekking agency like Nepal Trekking Routes ensures a safe and well-organized experience. We provide support to make your adventure memorable. We offer services like securing permits and providing expert guidance. You can embrace the rugged charm of Makalu Barun National Park. You will create unforgettable memories on this unique Himalayan trek. With proper preparation, this trek will reward you beyond imagination.